tie - a curved line that connects two notes of the SAME pitch, combines the durations of both, creating one longer note

slur - a curved line that connect two or more notes of DIFFERENT pitches, it indicates that the notes should be played without intertuption or legato, the specific meaning is different per instrument

staccatos - indicates a note should be played quickly, or abruptly

trill - indicates that the note should be player back and forth between another note which is usually defined by a grace note