Dynamics in music refer to the loudness and softness in music.  A musical approach to this definition is that dynamics really refer to the intensity or strength of sound. Dynamics were first used by the Renaissance composer Giovanni Gabrieli, a man of many firsts.  The wide use of dynamics was not until the late 18th century. In modern notation, Italian dynamics are widely used.

Another important use of dynamic markings is to indicate gradual change in volume.  The two main markings are crescendo (<), and decrescendo (>). There are also markings to show abrupt changes in dynamics such as sforzando, which indicates a strong accent on the note.